Reference Management Tools and APA Styles

Mendeley

Mendeley is a free reference manager and an academic social network.  You can create your personal account in Mendeley directly from the website. You can use your personal e-mail address to register.

As a second step, download the Desktop version either for Windows, MAC OS and Linux and to get the Web Importer/Citation Plugin tools to further enhance your research.

To use Mendeley effectively, you can watch the Mendeley Usage video. You can also request training from our library.

Zotero

Zotero is a free and open-source reference management software to manage bibliographic data and related research materials.  You can freely download, install, and use it directly from the website.

To use Zotero effectively, you can watch the Zotero Usage video. You can also request training from our library.

wizdom.ai

Wizdom.ai (formerly Colwiz) is a free and comprehensive research management software for researchers, academics and students. With the wizdom.ai android app, you can search, add and manage publications in your wizdom.ai library on the go.

To use wizdom.ai effectively, you can follow the wizdom.ai blog site. You can also request training from our library.

The Chicago Manual of Style
Chicago citation style is a popular style that provides guidelines for citing sources in academic articles. It is frequently used in the humanities and social sciences, especially in history, literature, law, and art.

APA References Examples

Journal Articles

Journal article in print: 1 author
[In-text citation: (Şentürk, 2009: 63)]

• Şentürk, R. (2009). Açık medeniyet ve sosyal içerme. Muhafazakar Düşünce, 6(21-22), 41-49..

Journal article in print: 2 authors
[In-text citation: (Tonta & Ünal, 2005: 88)]

• Tonta, Y., & Ünal, Y. (2005). Scatter of journals and literature obsolescence ref­lected in document delivery requests. Journal of the American Society for In­formation Science & Technology, 56(1), 84-94.

Journal article in print: 3-6 authors
[In-text citation: First citation: (Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, Harlow, & Bach, 1993: 1120); Subsequent citations: (Kernis et al., 1993: 1130)]

• Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T., & Bach, J. S. (1993). There’s more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204.

Journal article in print: More than 7 authors
[In-text citation: (Lakic et al., 2012: 3)]

• Lakic, B., Arık, M., Aune, S., Barth, K. L., Belov, A. S., Borghi, S. …  Zioutas, K. (2012). Status and perspectives of the CAST experiment. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 375(2), 1-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/375/1/022001

Journal article online: Digital Object Identifier supplied
[In-text citation: (Koç, 2002: 260)]

• Koç, E. (2002). The impact of gender in marketing communications: The role of cognitive and affective cues. Journal of Marketing Communications, 8(4), 257-275. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13527260210145993

Journal article online: No DOI supplied (freely available on the Web)
[In-text citation: First citation: (Aygören, Yeşilyurt, Güloğlu, & Küçükkaplan, 2015: 208) ; Subsequent citations: (Aygören et al., 2015: 208)]

• Aygören, H., Yeşilyurt, M., Güloğlu, B., & Küçükkaplan, İ. (2015). Türk bankacılık sektöründe hisse senedi performansı ve etkinlik arasındaki ilişki. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 16(2), 203-215. Retrieved from https://journal.dogus.edu.tr/ojs/index.php/duj/article/view/914

Journal article online: Advance publication
[In-text citation: (Koç & Altınay, 2007)]

• Koç, E., & Altınay, G. (2007). An analysis of seasonality in monthly per person tourist spending in Turkish inbound tourism from a market segmentation perspective. Tourism Management. Advance online publication. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.01.003

Journal article online: Institutional repository
[In-text citation: (Müslümov, in press)]

• Müslümov, A. (in press). Merger announcements and market efficiency: Do markets predict synergetic gains from mergers properly?. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/11376/1290

Journal article submitted for publication
[In-text citation: Kurt & Zehir, 2016)]

• Kurt, A. & Zehir, C. (2016). The relationship between cost leadership strategy, total quality management applications and financial performance. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi. Manuscript submitted for publication.

Books and eBooks

Book: Single author
[In-text citation: (Şentürk, 2014: 175)]

• Şentürk, R. (2014). Açık medeniyet: Çok medeniyetli toplum ve dünyaya doğru. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık.

Book: Two authors
[In-text citation: (Page & Stritzke, 2015: 88)]

• Page, A. C., & Stritzke, W. G. K. (2015). Clinical psychology for trainees: Foundations of science-informed practice (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Book: 3 authors
[In-text citation: First citation: (Ranzijn, McConnochie & Nolan, 2009) Subsequent citations: (Ranzijn et al., 2009: 66)]

• Ranzijn, R., McConnochie, K., & Nolan, W. (2009). Psychology and indigenous Australians: Foundations of cultural competence. South Yarra, Vic: Palgrave Macmillan.

Book: 4 or more authors
[In-text citation: (Wolfe et al., 2015: 120)]

• Wolfe, J. M., Kluender, K. R., Dennis, L. M., Bartoshuk, L. M., Herz, R. S., Lederman, S. J., & Merfeld, D. M. (2015). Sensation & perception (4th ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.

Book: Different editions
[In-text citation: (Passer & Smith, 2015: 77)]

• Passer, M. W., & Smith, R. E. (2015). Psychology: The science of mind and behaviour (2nd ed.). North Ryde, NSW: McGraw-Hill Education.

Book: No author
[In-text citation: (The Australian Oxford dictionary, 1999: 50)]

• The Australian Oxford dictionary (3rd ed.). (1999). Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

Book: Editor
[In-text citation: (Hallinan, 2006: 36)]

• Hallinan, M. T. (Ed.). (2006). Handbook of the sociology of education. New York: Springer.

Book: 2 or more editors
[In-text citation: (Day & Antonakis, 2012: 63)]

• Day, D. V., & Antonakis, J. (Eds.). (2012). The nature of leadership (2nd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

Book: Organisation as author
[In-text citation: (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2000: 92)]

• Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2000). Population by age and sex, New South Wales, 30 June 2000 (ABS Cat. no. 3235.1). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Author.

Book: Chapter
[ie., article] in an edited book
[In-text citation: (Groundwater-Smith, 2007: 135)]

• Groundwater-Smith, S. (2007). As rain is to fields, so good teachers are to students. In S. Knipe (Ed.), Middle years schooling: Reframing adolescence (pp. 151-170). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson Education Australia.

Book: Translation
[In-text citation: (Rowley, 1996: 150)]

• Rowley, J. (1996). Bilginin düzenlenmesi: Bilgi erişime giriş. (Çev. S. Karakaş, H. Ü. Can, A. Yıldızeli, B. Kayıran). Ankara: Türk Kütüphaneciler Derneği. (Orijinal yayın tarihi, 1992)

eBook: Entire book
[In-text citation: (Chisum, 2006: 77)]

• Chisum, W. J. (2006). Crime reconstruction
  [Adobe Digital Editions]. Retrieved from Ebook Library.

eBook: Chapter – from a database
[In-text citation: (Mitchell, 1913: 88)]

• Mitchell, H. W. (1913). Alcoholism and the alcoholic psychoses. In W. A. White & S. E. Jelliffe (Eds.), The modern treatment of nervous and mental diseases (Vol. 1, pp. 287-330). Retrieved from PsycBOOKS.

Book: Different works by the same author in the same year
[In-text citation: (Glenn & Johnson, 1964a: 90); (Glenn & Johnson, 1964b: 90)]

• Glenn, W. H., & Johnson, D. A. (1964a). Calculating devices. London: John Murray.
• Glenn, W. H., & Johnson, D. A. (1964b). Graphs. London: Murray.

Book Chapter

Chapter in a book in print
[In-text citation: (Onan & Sennaroğlu, 2009: 69)]

• Onan, K. & Sennaroğlu, B. (2009). Comparative study of production control systems through simulation. In N. Mastorakis, J. Sakellaris (Eds.), Advances in Numerical Methods (67-78. ss.). New York ; London: Springer. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76483-2_6

Dictionary / Encyclopaedia Entries

Reference book: Entry
[In-text citation: (Keyormarsi, O’Leary & Pardee, 2007: 200)]

• Keyormarsi, K., O’Leary, N., & Pardee, A. B. (2007). Cell division. In McGraw-Hill encyclopedia of science & technology (9th ed., Vol. 3, pp. 618-621). New York: McGraw-Hill.

eReference book: Entry
[In-text citation: (Keyormarsi, O’Leary & Pardee, 2014: 200)]

• Pegrum, M. (2009). Keyormarsi, K., & Pardee, A. B. (2014). Cell division. In McGraw-Hill encyclopedia of science & technology. Retrieved from AccessScience.

Web Sources

Web page
[In-text citation: (Australian Psychological Society, 2008)]

• Australian Psychological Society. (2008). Substance abuse: Position statement. Retrieved from https://www.psychology.org.au/publications/statements/substance/

Web page: No author
[In-text citation: (“Budapeşte Açık Erişim”, 2012)]

• Budapeşte açık erişim girişimi. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/translations/turkish-translation

Web page: No date
[In-text citation: (Şentürk, n.d.)]

• Şentük, R. (n.d.). Rektörün Mesajı. Erişim adresi https://www.ihu.edu.tr/tr/rektorun-mesaji

Webpage: No author or date: With a quote
[In-text citation: (“Heuristic”, t.y., para 1) Count paragraphs if not numbered]

• Heuristic. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved from https://www.m-w.com/dictionary/heuristic

Press release
[In-text citation: (TÜİK, 2016)]

• TÜİK (2016, Kasım). İşgücü İstatistikleri [Basın bülteni]. Erişim adresi https://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24624

Discussion forum
[In-text citation: (Malissa, 2008)]

• Malissa, A. (2008, October 2). Re: Egypt planning DNA test on 3,500 year old mummy
  [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from https://www.topix.com/science/anthropology/ 2008/05/egypt-planning-dna-test-for-3-500-year-old-mummy

Blog
[In-text citation: (Brown, 2008)]

• Çelik, S. (2011, 21 Aralık). Dergilerin indekslenmesi ve etki faktörü (impact factor).
  [Web günlük postası] Erişim adresi https://sonmezcelik.blogspot.com.tr/2011/12/dergilerin-indekslenmesi-ve-etki.html

Electronic mailing list
[In-text citation: (Anderson, 2005)]

• Anderson, O. (2005, June 2). Re: Psychology of terrorism
  [Electronic mailing list message]. Retrieved from https://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/theory-frankfurt-school/2005w22/msg00000.htm

Wiki
[In-text citation:(Sports psychology, n.d.) ]

• Sports psychology. (n.d.). In The psychology wiki. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from https://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/ Sports_psychology

Lecture Note

Lecture Note
[In-text citation: Saito, (2012)]

• Saito, T. (2012). Technology and me: A personal timeline of educational technology
  [Powerpoint slides]. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/Bclari25/educational-technology-ppt

Theses

Thesis in print: Unpublished
[In-text citation: (Çetinkaya, 2015: 188)]

• Çetinkaya, Ş. (2015). Stochastic mortality using non – life methods.  (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Doğuş University Institute of Social Sciences, İstanbul.
• Çelik, S. (1999). Üniversite kütüphanelerinde personel yönetimi ve Türkiye’de durum. (Unpublished master’s thesis). İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Kütüphanecilik Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul.

Thesis in print: Published
[In-text citation: (May, 2007: 67)]

• May, B. (2007). A survey of radial velocities in the zodiacal dust cloud. Bristol, UK: Canopus Publishing.

Thesis online: Electronic database
[In-text citation: (Rich, 1989: 55)]

• Rich, P. D. (1989). The rule of ritual in the Arabian Gulf, 1858-1947: The influence of English public schools (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses – UK & Ireland. (AAT 8918197)

Thesis online: Institutional repository
[In-text citation: (Bilir, 2014: 43)]

• Bilir, C. (2014). Supply chain network optimization model incorporating competitive facility location problems. (Doctoral dissertation, Dogus University, İstanbul). Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/11376/1039

Conference Proceedings and Papers

Paper in conference proceedings in print
[In-text citation: (Game, 2001: 350)]

• Game, A. (2001). Creative ways of being. In J. R. Morss, N. Stephenson & J. F. H. V. Rappard (Eds.), Theoretical issues in psychology: Proceedings of the International Society for Theoretical Psychology 1999 Conference (pp. 3-12). Sydney: Springer.

Paper in conference proceedings in print: No editor
[In-text citation: (Doğdaş, & Akyokuş, 2013: 3)]

• Doğdaş, T., & Akyokuş, S. (2013). Document clustering using GIS visualizing and EM clustering method. In 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications (INISTA) (pp. 1-4). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INISTA.2013.6577647

Paper in conference proceedings online: Electronic database
[In-text citation: (Balakrishnan, 2006: 259)]

• Balakrishnan, R. (2006, March). Why aren’t we using 3D user interfaces, and will we ever? Paper presented at the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vr.2006.148

Conference papers: Unpublished
[In-text citation: (Santhanam, Martin, Goody & Hicks, 2001)]

• Santhanam, E., Martin, K., Goody, A., & Hicks, O. (2001). Bottom-up steps towards closing the loop in feedback on teaching: A CUTSD project. Paper presented at Teaching and Learning Forum – Expanding horizons in teaching and learning, Perth, Australia, 7-9 February 2001.

Reports

Government reports
[In-text citation: (Akbaytürk et al., 2014: 40)]

• Akbaytürk Çanak, T., Çelik, S., Çetinkaya, İ., Çukadar, S., Güneş, G., Gürdal, G. … Kaygusuz, A. (2014). 2023’e doğru Türkiye’de üniversite kütüphaneleri: Mevcut durum, sorunlar, standartlar ve çözüm önerileri. Ankara: Yükseköğretim Kurulu. Retrieved from https://yok.gov.tr/web/ukr

[In-text citation: First citation: (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [TÜİK], 2012: 67); Subsequent citations: (TÜİK, 2012: 67)]

• Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2012). Faaliyet raporu: 2011 mali yılı. Retrieved from https://www.tuik.gov.tr/jsp/duyuru/upload/FR-2011.pdf

Non-government / unofficial reports
[In-text citation: (Kendall, 2011: 99)]

• Kendall, C. (2011). Report on psychological distress and depression in the legal profession: Prepared for the Council of the Law Society of Western Australia. Retrieved from https://www.mhlcwa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Psychological-distress-depression-in-the-legal-profession-16-May-2011.pdf

Standards and Patents

Standard: Print
[In-text citation: (Standards Australia/New Zealand Standard, 1994)]

• Standards Australia. (1994). Information Processing – Text and office systems – Office Document Architecture (ODA) and Interchange format: Part 10: Formal Specifications (AS/NZS 3951.10:1994). Homebush, NSW: Standards Australia.

Standard online: Electronic database
[In-text citation: (Standards Australia, 2008)]

• Standards Australia. (2008). Personal flotation devices – General requirements (AS 4758.1-2008). Retrieved from Standards Online.

Patent
[In-text citation: (U.S. Patent No. 5,641,424.7, 1996)]

• Hornak, P. (1996). Resonator for magnetic resonance imaging of the ankle. U.S. Patent No. 5,641,424.7.

Patent online: Electronic database
[In-text citation: (Australian Patent No. AU 2008100919, 2008)]

• Clark, J. M., & McCallum, J. M. (2008). Method for and composition of excipient suitable for use in herbal formulations and formulations derived therefrom. Australian Patent AU 2008100919. Retrieved from SciFinder.

Official Newspaper

Official Newspaper
[In-text citation: Yedinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı, 1999)]

• Yedinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı 1996-2000. (1995). T.C. Resmi Gazete (22354, 25 Temmuz 1995).